Skip to main content
Cambridge
  • Products and Services
    • Products and Services

      Our innovative products and services for learners, authors and customers are based on world-class research and are relevant, exciting and inspiring.

    • Academic Research, Teaching and Learning
    • English Language Learning
    • English Language Assessment
    • International Education
    • Educational resources for schools
    • Bibles
    • Educational Research & Network
    • OCR
    • Cambridge Assessment Admissions Testing
    • Cambridge CEM
    • Partnership for Education
    • Cambridge Dictionary
    • The Cambridge Mathematics Project
    • Cogbooks
    • Bookshop
  • About Us
    • About Cambridge University Press & Assessment

      We unlock the potential of millions of people worldwide. Our assessments, publications and research spread knowledge, spark enquiry and aid understanding around the world.

    • What we do
    • Our story
    • People and planet
    • Diversity and inclusion
    • Annual Report 2022
    • News and insights
    • Governance
    • Legal
    • Accessibility
    • Rights and permissions
    • Contact us
    • Media enquiries
  • Careers
    • Careers

      No matter who you are, what you do, or where you come from, you’ll feel proud to work here.

    • Careers
    • Jobs
    • Benefits
  • Our other sites
      • School Support Hub
      • Cambridge Primary support site
      • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
      • Cambridge International Direct
      • Submit for Assessment
      • Online Learning – professional development
      • Assessment Specialist support site
      • Online Learning – student support
  • Global EN
    • Country information pages

      • India
      • New Zealand
      • USA
    • Language sites

      • Arabic (العربية)
      • Bahasa Indonesia
      • China (中文)
      • Italian (Italiano)
      • Japanese (日本)
      • Spanish (Español)
      • Thai (ไทย)
      • Vietnamese

Cambridge International Education

  • About us

    About International Education

    • Our management team
    • Our regional teams
    • Our standards
    • Careers
    • Examiners
    • Our history
    • Our new name and logo
  • Why choose us

    Why choose us

    • Benefits of a Cambridge education
    • Inclusive education and accessibility
    • Where do Cambridge qualifications take you?
    • Information for parents and students
    • Find a Cambridge school
    • Join Cambridge
    • Climate change education
    • Online education
    • Cambridge Associates
  • Programmes &
    qualifications

    Programmes & qualifications

    • Cambridge Early Years

      • Curriculum
      • Become a Cambridge Early Years centre
    • Cambridge Primary

      • Assessment
      • Curriculum
    • Cambridge Lower Secondary

      • Assessment
      • Curriculum
    • Cambridge Upper Secondary

      • Cambridge IGCSE
      • Cambridge O Level
      • Cambridge ICE
    • Cambridge Advanced

      • Cambridge International AS & A Level
      • Cambridge AICE Diploma
      • Cambridge IPQ
    • Other

      • Baseline assessments
      • Developing digital assessment
      • Recognition and acceptance
      • Cambridge Global Perspectives
      • Bilingual education
  • Exam
    administration

    Exam administration

    • Cambridge Exams Officers' Guide

      • Phase 1 - Preparation
      • Phase 2 - Entries
      • Phase 3 - Coursework and Moderation
      • Phase 4 - Before the exam
      • Phase 5 - Exam day
      • Phase 6 - Results and certificates

    Other

      • What to expect on exam day
      • Results
      • Private candidates
  • Support & training
    for schools

    Support & training for schools

    Support and resources

    • Support for teachers
    • Support for new schools
    • Leading, learning and teaching with Cambridge
    • Endorsed resources
    • Communications toolkit

    Professional development and conferences

    • Professional development
    • Professional development calendar
    • Cambridge Professional Development Qualifications
    • Cambridge Schools Conference

    Other support

    • Resource Plus
    • Test Maker
    • Cambridge Personal Styles Questionnaire
    • Great teaching toolkit
  • News & blog

    News & blog

    • Latest news
    • Blog
    • Cambridge in the media
    • Newsletters
    • Media contacts
    • What's new
    spacer
  • Help
Back
Case studies
  • About us
    • Our management team
      • Rod Smith
      • Elizabeth Cater
      • Stuart Hatton
      • Jane Mann
      • Philip Parker
      • Ben Schmidt
      • Claire Varlet-Baker
      • Juliet Wilson
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Our regional teams
      • North America
      • Latin America & the Caribbean
      • Europe
      • Sub-Saharan Africa
      • Middle East & North Africa
      • South Asia
      • Pakistan
      • East Asia
      • Southeast Asia & Pacific
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Our standards
      • Our assessment quality standards
        • Cambridge IGCSE/GCSE comparability
        • Why grade thresholds change
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Our awarding standards
      • Feedback and complaints
      • Safeguarding
        • Child protection
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Reporting suspected malpractice
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Careers
      • Trainers
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Examiners
      • Assistant examiner
      • Team Leader
      • Principal examiner
      • Setter
      • Item writer
      • Reviser
      • Vetter
      • Moderator
      • Frequently asked questions
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Our history
    • Our new name and logo
    • Global EN
      • Country information pages
      • USA
      • India
      • Country/Language sites
      • Arabic (العربية)
      • Bahasa Indonesia
      • China (中文)
      • Italian (Italiano)
      • Japanese (日本)
      • New Zealand
      • Spanish (Español)
      • Thai (ไทย)
      • Vietnamese
    • Our other sites
      • School Support Hub
      • Cambridge Primary support site
      • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
      • Cambridge International Direct
      • Submit for Assessment
      • Online Learning – professional development
      • Assessment Specialist support site
      • Online Learning – student support
  • Why choose us
    • Improving learning outcomes
    • Benefits of a Cambridge education
      • International curriculum
      • Teaching and learning
      • Assessment
      • International recognition
      • Global community
      • Climate change education
        • High quality climate change education
        • Supporting Cambridge schools
        • Join our research community
        • Climate change education news
        • Our commitment to sustainability
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Inclusive education and accessibility
      • Inclusive education
        • Equality, diversity, inclusion and belonging (EDIB)
        • Inclusive education across the curriculum
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Accessibility for all
        • Accessible language
        • Culture and context
        • Special educational needs and disabilities (SEND)
        • Print accessibility
        • Digital accessibility
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Support for schools
      • Inclusive education news
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Support for schools
    • Parents and students
      • In class
        • Learning with lasting impact
        • Study resources
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Find a Cambridge school
      • Recognise a Cambridge school
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Online education
      • How we work with online schools
      • Information for parents
      • Online school case studies
        • Wolsey Hall, Oxford
        • Infinite Wisdom School
        • IU International University of Applied Sciences
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Join Cambridge
      • Our registration quality standards
      • Registration quality standards for online schools
      • Our fees
      • Express your interest
      • Application form
      • Approval visit
      • Become a Cambridge School
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Cambridge Associates
      • Become a Cambridge Associate
        • What do Cambridge Associates do?
        • Who are our Cambridge Associates?
        • How to become a Cambridge Associate
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Support for Cambridge Associates
        • Your connection with us
        • Growing your network of schools
        • Registering new schools
        • Administering Cambridge exams
        • Supporting your schools
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Partnering with school groups
    • The Duke of Edinburgh's International Award
      • Promotional toolkit
      • Case study - Indonesia
      • Case study - Aotearoa/New Zealand
      • Case study - South Africa
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Global EN
      • Country information pages
      • USA
      • India
      • Country/Language sites
      • Arabic (العربية)
      • Bahasa Indonesia
      • China (中文)
      • Italian (Italiano)
      • Japanese (日本)
      • New Zealand
      • Spanish (Español)
      • Thai (ไทย)
      • Vietnamese
    • Our other sites
      • School Support Hub
      • Cambridge Primary support site
      • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
      • Cambridge International Direct
      • Submit for Assessment
      • Online Learning – professional development
      • Assessment Specialist support site
      • Online Learning – student support
  • Programmes and qualifications
    • Cambridge Early Years
      • Our approach
      • Curriculum
      • Measuring progress
      • Teaching support
      • Teaching and learning resources
      • Professional development
      • Become a Cambridge Early Years Centre
      • Case studies
        • Misk Schools, Saudi Arabia
        • Xin Zhong School, Indonesia
        • Enko Botho International School, Botswana
        • Sanjay Ghodawat International School, India
        • Ira Patil’s journey to confident reading: A parent’s perspective
        • Eupheus International School, Portugal
        • FRAM School, Romania
        • Bina Bangsa School, Indonesia
        • Orchlon International School, Mongolia
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Cambridge Primary
      • Curriculum
        • Cambridge Primary Art & Design (0067)
        • Cambridge Primary Computing (0059)
        • Cambridge Primary Digital Literacy (0072)
        • Cambridge Primary English (0058)
        • Cambridge Primary English as a Second Language (0057)
        • Cambridge Primary Global Perspectives (0838)
        • Cambridge Primary Humanities (0065)
        • Cambridge Primary Mathematics (0096)
        • Cambridge Primary Modern Foreign Language (0064)
        • Cambridge Primary Music (0068)
        • Cambridge Primary Physical Education (0069)
        • Cambridge Primary Science (0097)
        • Cambridge Primary Wellbeing (0034)
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Assessment
        • Cambridge Primary Checkpoint reports
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Classroom support
      • Resource list
        • Cambridge Primary Computing (0059)
        • Cambridge Primary English (0058)
        • Cambridge Primary English as a Second Language (0057)
        • Cambridge Primary Mathematics (0096)
        • Cambridge Primary Global Perspectives (0838)
        • Cambridge Primary Humanities (0065)
        • Cambridge Primary Science (0097)
        • Cambridge Primary Wellbeing (0034)
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Case studies
        • Wycherley School, Sri Lanka
        • Sancta Maria International School, India
        • Queen Morta School, Lithuania
        • First steps school of Arts and Sciences, Pakistan
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Cambridge Lower Secondary
      • Curriculum
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary Art & Design (0073)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary Computing (0860)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary Digital Literacy (0082)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary English (0861)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary English as a Second Language (0876)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary Global Perspectives (1129)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary Humanities (0839)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary Mathematics (0862)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary Modern Foreign Language (0771)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary Music (0078)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary Physical Education (0081)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary Science (0893)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary Wellbeing (0859)
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Assessment
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary Checkpoint
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Classroom support
      • Resource list
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary Computing (0860)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary English (0861)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary English as a Second Language (0876)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary Global Perspectives (1129)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary Humanities (0839)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary Mathematics (0862)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary Science (0893)
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary Wellbeing (0859)
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Case studies
        • Skipper Clement International School, Denmark
        • Istituto Santa Giuliana Falconieri, Rome, Italy
        • The New English School, Jordan
        • Z International school, Pakistan
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Cambridge Upper Secondary
      • Cambridge IGCSE
        • Curriculum
        • Subjects
          • A
            • Accounting - 0452
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Accounting (9-1) - 0985
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Afrikaans - Second Language - 0548
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Agriculture - 0600
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Arabic - First Language - 0508
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Arabic - First Language (9-1) - 7184
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Arabic - Foreign Language - 0544
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Arabic (9-1) - 7180 New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Art & Design - 0400
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Art & Design (9-1) 0989
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • B
            • Bahasa Indonesia - 0538
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Biology - 0610
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Biology (9-1) - 0970
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Business - 0264
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Business (9-1) - 0774
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Business Studies - 0450
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Business Studies (9-1) - 0986
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • C
            • Chemistry - 0620
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Chemistry (9-1) - 0971
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Chinese - First Language - 0509
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Chinese - Second Language - 0523
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Chinese (Mandarin) - Foreign Language (0547)
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Computer Science - 0478
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Computer Science (9-1) - 0984
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • D
            • Design & Technology - 0445
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Design & Technology (9-1) - 0979
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Drama - 0411
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Drama (9-1) - 0994
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • E
            • Economics - 0455
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Economics (9-1) - 0987
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • English - First Language - 0500
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • English - First Language (9-1) - 0990
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • English - First Language (US) - 0524
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • English – Literature (US) – 0427
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • English – Literature in English – 0475
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • English – Literature in English (9-1) – 0992
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • English (as an Additional Language) - 0472 New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • English (as an Additional Language) (9-1) - 0772 New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • English (Core) as a Second Language (Egypt) - 0465
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • English as a Second Language (Count-in speaking) (0511)
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • English as a Second Language (Count-in Speaking) (9-1) (0991)
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • English as a Second Language (Speaking endorsement) - 0510
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • English as a Second Language (Speaking Endorsement) (9-1) - 0993
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Enterprise - 0454
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Environmental Management - 0680
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • F
            • Food & Nutrition - 0648
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • French - First Language - 0501
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • French - Foreign Language - 0520
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • French (9-1) - 7156
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • G
            • Geography - 0460
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Geography (9-1) - 0976
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • German - First Language - 0505
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • German - Foreign Language - 0525
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • German (9-1) - 7159
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Global Perspectives - 0457
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • H
            • Hindi as a Second Language - 0549
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • History - 0470
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • History - American (US) - 0409
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • History (9-1) - 0977
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • I
            • Information and Communication Technology - 0417
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Information and Communication Technology (9-1) - 0983
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • IsiZulu as a Second Language - 0531
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Islamiyat - 0493
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Italian - Foreign Language - 0535
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Italian (9-1) - 7164
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • J
            • Japanese - Foreign Language New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • L
            • Latin - 0480
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • M
            • Malay - First Language - 0696
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Malay - Foreign Language - 0546
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Marine Science - 0697 New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Mathematics - 0580
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Mathematics - Additional - 0606
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Mathematics - International - 0607
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Mathematics (9-1) - 0980
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Mathematics (US) - 0444
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Music - 0410
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Music (9-1) - 0978
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • P
            • Pakistan Studies - 0448
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Physical Education - 0413
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Physical Education (9-1) - 0995
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Physical Science - 0652
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Physics - 0625
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Physics (9-1) - 0972
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Portuguese - First Language - 0504
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Psychology - 0266 New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • R
            • Religious Studies - 0490
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • S
            • Sanskrit - 0499
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Science - Combined - 0653
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Sciences - Co-ordinated (9-1) - 0973
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) - 0654
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Setswana - First Language - 0698
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Sociology - 0495
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Spanish - First Language - 0502
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Spanish - Foreign Language - 0530
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Spanish - Literature - 0488
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Spanish - Literature in Spanish - 0474
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Spanish (9-1) - 7160
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Statistics - 0479 New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Swahili - 0262
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • T
            • Thai - First Language - 0518
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Travel & Tourism - 0471
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Turkish - First Language - 0513
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • U
            • Urdu as a Second Language - 0539
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • V
            • Vietnamese - First Language - 0695 New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • W
            • World Literature - 0408
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
        • Qualification
        • Classroom support
        • Training and events
        • Case studies
        • Results statistics
        • Grade threshold tables
        • Cambridge IGCSE grading choice
        • UK schools
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Cambridge O Level
        • Curriculum
        • Subjects
          • A
            • Accounting - 7707
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Agriculture - 5038
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Arabic - 3180
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Art & Design - 6090
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • B
            • Bangladesh Studies - 7094
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Bengali - 3204
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Biblical Studies - 2035 New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Biology - 5090
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Business - 7081
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Business Studies - 7115
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • C
            • Chemistry - 5070
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Commerce - 7100
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Computer Science - 2210
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • D
            • Design & Technology - 6043
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • E
            • Economics - 2281
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • English Language - 1123
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Environmental Management - 5014
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • F
            • Fashion & Textiles - 6130
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Food & Nutrition - 6065
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • G
            • Geography - 2217
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Global Perspectives - 2069
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • H
            • Hinduism - 2055
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • History - 2147
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • I
            • Islamic Studies – 2068
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Islamiyat - 2058
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • L
            • Literature in English - 2010
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • M
            • Marine Science - 5180
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Mathematics - Additional - 4037
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Mathematics (Syllabus D) - 4024
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • P
            • Pakistan Studies - 2059
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Physics - 5054
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • R
            • Religious Studies - 2048
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • S
            • Science - Combined - 5129
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Setswana - 3158
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Sinhala - 3205
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Sociology - 2251
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Statistics - 4040
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • T
            • Tamil - 3226
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Travel & Tourism - 7096
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • U
            • Urdu - First Language - 3247
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Urdu - Second Language - 3248
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
        • Qualification
        • Classroom support
        • Training and events
        • Results statistics
        • Grade threshold tables
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Cambridge ICE
      • Science Competition
        • Science Competition judging panel
        • Science Competition winners 2024
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Cambridge Advanced
      • Cambridge International AS & A Levels
        • Curriculum
        • Subjects
          • A
            • Accounting - 9706
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Afrikaans - Language (AS Level only) - 8679
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Arabic - 9680
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Arabic - Language (AS Level only) - 8680
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Art & Design - 9479
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • B
            • Biblical Studies (9484) New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Biology - 9700
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Business (9609)
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • C
            • Chemistry - 9701
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Chinese - Language & Literature (A Level only) - 9868 New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Chinese Language (AS Level only) - 8238 New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Classical Studies - 9274
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Computer Science - 9618
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • D
            • Design & Technology - 9705
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Digital Media & Design - 9481
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Drama - 9482
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • E
            • Economics - 9708
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • English - Language and Literature (AS Level only) - 8695
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • English - Literature - 9695
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • English General Paper (AS Level only) - 8021
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • English Language - 9093
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Environmental Management (AS only) - 8291
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • European History - 9981 New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • F
            • French - Language (AS Level only) - 8682
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • French (A Level only) - 9716
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • French Language & Literature - 9898
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • French Language (AS Level only) - 8028
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • G
            • Geography - 9696
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • German - Language (AS Level only) - 8027
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • German - Language (AS Level only) - 8683
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • German (A Level only) - 9717
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • German Language & Literature (A Level only) - 9897
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Global Perspectives & Research - 9239
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • H
            • Hinduism - 9487
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • History - 9489
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • I
            • Information Technology - 9626
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • International History - 9982 New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Islamic Studies - 9488
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • L
            • Law - 9084
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • M
            • Marine Science - 9693
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Mathematics - 9709
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Mathematics - Further - 9231
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Media Studies - 9607
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Music - 9483
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • P
            • Physics - 9702
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Portuguese - Language (AS Level only) - 8684
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Portuguese (A Level only) - 9718
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Psychology - 9990
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • S
            • Sociology - 9699
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Spanish - Language & Literature (A Level only) - 9844 New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Spanish Language (AS Level only) - 8022 New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Sport & Physical Education (AS Level only) (8386) New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • T
            • Tamil - 9689 (A Level only)
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Tamil - Language - 8689 (AS Level only)
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Thinking Skills - 9694
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Travel & Tourism - 9395
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
          • U
            • Urdu - Language (AS Level only) - 8686
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Urdu - Pakistan only (A Level only) - 9686
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • Urdu Language & Literature (9866) – for centres in Pakistan
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • US History since 1877 - 8102 New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
            • US History to 1877 - 8101 New
              • Syllabus overview
              • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
              • Published resources
        • Classroom support
        • Training and events
        • Qualification
        • Results statistics
        • Grade threshold tables
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Cambridge AICE Diploma
        • Curriculum
        • Qualification
        • Classroom support
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Cambridge IPQ
        • Results statistics
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Recognition and acceptance
      • Guidance for universities
        • Results services for universities
        • Sample results documentation for universities
        • Statement of support for Global Perspectives & Research A Level
        • Statement of support for Cambridge IPQ
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Guidance for schools and students
        • School profile guide
        • Predicted grades guide
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Recognition in specific study destinations
        • Argentina
        • Australia
        • Canada
        • Estonia
        • France
        • Germany
        • India
        • Indonesia
        • Japan
        • Malaysia
        • New Zealand
        • Nigeria
        • Pakistan
        • Republic of Ireland
        • Singapore
        • South Africa
        • Spain
        • Thailand
        • The Netherlands
        • UK
        • USA
        • Viet Nam
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Recognition search
      • Register your institution's admissions policy
      • Higher education research and insights
        • Strategic Higher Education Advisory Council (SHEAC)
        • Higher Education Advisory Council (HEAC) Australia
        • Higher Education Advisory Council (HEAC) Europe
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Cambridge alumni
        • Argentina
        • Australia
        • Canada
        • Germany
        • India
        • Ireland
        • Japan
        • Malaysia
        • Netherlands
        • Pakistan
        • South Africa
        • Türkiye
        • United Kingdom
        • United States of America
        • Tell us your story
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • University showcase
        • Aberystwyth University, UK
        • Arizona State University, USA
        • BI Norwegian Business School
        • Bocconi University, Italy
        • Franklin University Switzerland
        • ISEG Lisbon School of Economics & Management, Portugal
        • Izmir University of Economics, Türkiye
        • Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
        • Middle East Technical University, Türkiye
        • O.P. Jindal Global University, India
        • Plaksha University, India
        • Rice University, USA
        • Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
        • The Australian National University, Australia
        • University of California San Diego, USA
        • University of Cambridge, UK
        • University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
        • University of Florida, USA
        • University of Granada, Spain
        • University of Melbourne, Australia
        • University of Michigan, USA
        • University of Queensland, Australia
        • University of Sydney, Australia
        • University of Technology Sydney, Australia
        • Vanderbilt University, USA
        • Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
        • Zhejiang University International Business School (ZIBS), China
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Cambridge Spotlight - eNewsletter
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Bilingual education
      • Support for principals
      • Support for teachers
      • Case studies
      • Resources
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Cambridge Global Perspectives
      • Benefits for students
      • Benefits for teachers and schools
      • Case studies
        • CHIREC International school, India
        • Chisipite Senior School, Zimbabwe
        • Mayfair Academy, Spain
        • Southland Girls' High School, New Zealand
        • Showcase of student projects
        • Teacher and student stories
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Online Learning
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Baseline assessments
    • Developing digital assessment
      • Our approach
      • Digital assessment availability
      • Digital Mocks Service
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Global EN
      • Country information pages
      • USA
      • India
      • Country/Language sites
      • Arabic (العربية)
      • Bahasa Indonesia
      • China (中文)
      • Italian (Italiano)
      • Japanese (日本)
      • New Zealand
      • Spanish (Español)
      • Thai (ไทย)
      • Vietnamese
    • Our other sites
      • School Support Hub
      • Cambridge Primary support site
      • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
      • Cambridge International Direct
      • Submit for Assessment
      • Online Learning – professional development
      • Assessment Specialist support site
      • Online Learning – student support
  • Exam administration
    • Cambridge Exams Officers’ Guide
      • Changes for the 2024 Cambridge Handbook
      • Changes for the 2025 Cambridge Handbook
      • Phase 1 - Preparation
        • Key dates and activities
        • Timetabling exams
        • Access arrangements
        • EORI number information
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Phase 2 – Entries
        • Estimated entries
        • Final entries
        • Transfer candidates
        • Carry forward entry rules
        • Understanding retake entries
        • Alternative venues
        • Declaration of interest
        • Withdrawing entries
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Phase 3 – Coursework & Moderation
        • Samples database
        • Submit for Assessment
        • The use of generative AI in coursework
        • Withdrawal of Outline Proposal Forms
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Phase 4 – Before the exams
        • Global Listening
        • Packing and despatching your confidential materials
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Phase 5 - Exam day
        • Running exams
        • Security inspections
        • Malpractice
        • Special consideration
        • Despatching scripts
        • Multiple-choice answer sheets
        • Right-to-left answer booklets for foreign languages
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Phase 6 – Results and certificates
        • Preparing for results day
        • Managing results day
        • Enquiries about results
        • Certificates, certifying statements, verification of results
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Administrative forms and guidance documents
      • Support and training
      • eNewsletter
      • My Cambridge
      • Portfolio of Evidence
        • FAQs
        • June 2024
        • November 2024
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • What to expect on exam day
      • Understanding command words
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Results
      • Marking and grading
      • Electronic statements of results
      • Certificates
      • Verification of students' results
      • Results Analysis
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Private candidates
      • Information for centres about accepting private candidates
      • How to register as a private candidate
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Global EN
      • Country information pages
      • USA
      • India
      • Country/Language sites
      • Arabic (العربية)
      • Bahasa Indonesia
      • China (中文)
      • Italian (Italiano)
      • Japanese (日本)
      • New Zealand
      • Spanish (Español)
      • Thai (ไทย)
      • Vietnamese
    • Our other sites
      • School Support Hub
      • Cambridge Primary support site
      • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
      • Cambridge International Direct
      • Submit for Assessment
      • Online Learning – professional development
      • Assessment Specialist support site
      • Online Learning – student support
  • Support and training for schools
    • Support for teachers
      • School Support Hub
      • Planning and preparation
      • Teaching, learning and assessment
        • Order Microscope Slides
        • Resource Plus
        • Preventing plagiarism
        • Internal moderation
        • Resources to support mental health and wellbeing
        • Special educational needs
        • Tools to support remote teaching and learning
        • Progression tests
        • Test Maker
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Results resources
        • Understanding results
        • Outstanding Cambridge Learner Awards
        • Celebrating Cambridge Primary and Lower Secondary achievements
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Everyday Science
      • Cambridge Personal Styles Questionnaire
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Professional development
      • Syllabus-specific courses
        • Introduction courses
        • Focus on teaching
        • Focus on assessment
        • Marking workshops
        • Improving speaking
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Enrichment courses
        • Online Enrichment courses
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Professional development calendar
      • Course delivery formats
      • Cambridge Professional Development Qualifications
        • Curriculum
        • Programme
        • Become a Centre
        • Support from Cambridge
        • Find a Cambridge PDQ Programme
        • Cambridge International Award in Teaching and Learning
        • Teacher development journey with ARU
        • Cambridge school leader and teacher standards
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Other training providers
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Support for new schools
    • Cambridge Schools Conference
      • Effective communication: from competence to confidence
        • Online, March 2024
        • Cambridge, UK - July 2024
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Previous conferences
        • Creating a positive environment for academic success
        • Creating a positive environment for learning
        • Thinking about thinking: A Cambridge International perspective
        • Thinking about thinking
        • Supporting learners' emotional health and wellbeing
        • Education learning in a changing world: Remote teaching and learning
        • Assessment for learning
        • Evaluating impact: how effective is our school and classroom practice
        • Creating the conditions for success
        • Learning and achievement for all
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Cambridge Schools Conference blog
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Leading, learning and teaching with Cambridge
      • Education briefs and animations
      • Getting started with...
      • Guides for schools and school leaders
        • Implementing the curriculum with Cambridge
        • Developing your school with Cambridge
        • Developing the Cambridge learner attributes
        • Cambridge principles into practice - languages guide for schools
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Blogs, podcasts and books
      • Great teaching toolkit: Evidence review
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • School Self-Evaluation
      • School consultancy
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Endorsed resources
    • Communications toolkit for approved Cambridge schools
      • Posters
      • Factsheets and guides
      • Logos and guidelines
      • Presentations
      • Social media
      • Press release templates
      • Event banners and display items
      • Videos
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Global EN
      • Country information pages
      • USA
      • India
      • Country/Language sites
      • Arabic (العربية)
      • Bahasa Indonesia
      • China (中文)
      • Italian (Italiano)
      • Japanese (日本)
      • New Zealand
      • Spanish (Español)
      • Thai (ไทย)
      • Vietnamese
    • Our other sites
      • School Support Hub
      • Cambridge Primary support site
      • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
      • Cambridge International Direct
      • Submit for Assessment
      • Online Learning – professional development
      • Assessment Specialist support site
      • Online Learning – student support
  • News
    • Latest news
    • Blog
    • Newsletters
    • Media contacts
    • What's new
      • Tackling the climate change crisis together
      • Cambridge Early Years
      • Cambridge Primary
      • Cambridge Lower Secondary
      • Cambridge IGCSE
      • Cambridge O Level
      • Cambridge International AS & A Level
      • Support and training for schools
        • Cambridge professional development
        • Global EN
          • Country information pages
          • USA
          • India
          • Country/Language sites
          • Arabic (العربية)
          • Bahasa Indonesia
          • China (中文)
          • Italian (Italiano)
          • Japanese (日本)
          • New Zealand
          • Spanish (Español)
          • Thai (ไทย)
          • Vietnamese
        • Our other sites
          • School Support Hub
          • Cambridge Primary support site
          • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
          • Cambridge International Direct
          • Submit for Assessment
          • Online Learning – professional development
          • Assessment Specialist support site
          • Online Learning – student support
      • Syllabus changes - What's New
      • Syllabus updates
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Global EN
      • Country information pages
      • USA
      • India
      • Country/Language sites
      • Arabic (العربية)
      • Bahasa Indonesia
      • China (中文)
      • Italian (Italiano)
      • Japanese (日本)
      • New Zealand
      • Spanish (Español)
      • Thai (ไทย)
      • Vietnamese
    • Our other sites
      • School Support Hub
      • Cambridge Primary support site
      • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
      • Cambridge International Direct
      • Submit for Assessment
      • Online Learning – professional development
      • Assessment Specialist support site
      • Online Learning – student support
  • Cambridge International Education in India
    • For schools
    • For parents
    • For teachers
    • Become a Cambridge International school in India
    • International Award for Young People (IAYP)
    • Global EN
      • Country information pages
      • USA
      • India
      • Country/Language sites
      • Arabic (العربية)
      • Bahasa Indonesia
      • China (中文)
      • Italian (Italiano)
      • Japanese (日本)
      • New Zealand
      • Spanish (Español)
      • Thai (ไทย)
      • Vietnamese
    • Our other sites
      • School Support Hub
      • Cambridge Primary support site
      • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
      • Cambridge International Direct
      • Submit for Assessment
      • Online Learning – professional development
      • Assessment Specialist support site
      • Online Learning – student support
  • New Zealand
    • About us
      • Cambridge in New Zealand
      • The Cambridge Pathway
      • Find a Cambridge school in New Zealand
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Pathways to university
      • Applying to university with Cambridge qualifications
      • Applying to university in Australia
      • Global EN
        • Country information pages
        • USA
        • India
        • Country/Language sites
        • Arabic (العربية)
        • Bahasa Indonesia
        • China (中文)
        • Italian (Italiano)
        • Japanese (日本)
        • New Zealand
        • Spanish (Español)
        • Thai (ไทย)
        • Vietnamese
      • Our other sites
        • School Support Hub
        • Cambridge Primary support site
        • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
        • Cambridge International Direct
        • Submit for Assessment
        • Online Learning – professional development
        • Assessment Specialist support site
        • Online Learning – student support
    • Syllabus updates and developments
    • News from New Zealand
    • Global EN
      • Country information pages
      • USA
      • India
      • Country/Language sites
      • Arabic (العربية)
      • Bahasa Indonesia
      • China (中文)
      • Italian (Italiano)
      • Japanese (日本)
      • New Zealand
      • Spanish (Español)
      • Thai (ไทย)
      • Vietnamese
    • Our other sites
      • School Support Hub
      • Cambridge Primary support site
      • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
      • Cambridge International Direct
      • Submit for Assessment
      • Online Learning – professional development
      • Assessment Specialist support site
      • Online Learning – student support
  • Global EN
    • Country information pages
    • USA
    • India
    • Country/Language sites
    • Arabic (العربية)
    • Bahasa Indonesia
    • China (中文)
    • Italian (Italiano)
    • Japanese (日本)
    • New Zealand
    • Spanish (Español)
    • Thai (ไทย)
    • Vietnamese
    • Global EN
      • Country information pages
      • USA
      • India
      • Country/Language sites
      • Arabic (العربية)
      • Bahasa Indonesia
      • China (中文)
      • Italian (Italiano)
      • Japanese (日本)
      • New Zealand
      • Spanish (Español)
      • Thai (ไทย)
      • Vietnamese
    • Our other sites
      • School Support Hub
      • Cambridge Primary support site
      • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
      • Cambridge International Direct
      • Submit for Assessment
      • Online Learning – professional development
      • Assessment Specialist support site
      • Online Learning – student support
  • Our other sites
    • School Support Hub
    • Cambridge Primary support site
    • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
    • Cambridge International Direct
    • Submit for Assessment
    • Online Learning – professional development
    • Assessment Specialist support site
    • Online Learning – student support
    • Global EN
      • Country information pages
      • USA
      • India
      • Country/Language sites
      • Arabic (العربية)
      • Bahasa Indonesia
      • China (中文)
      • Italian (Italiano)
      • Japanese (日本)
      • New Zealand
      • Spanish (Español)
      • Thai (ไทย)
      • Vietnamese
    • Our other sites
      • School Support Hub
      • Cambridge Primary support site
      • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
      • Cambridge International Direct
      • Submit for Assessment
      • Online Learning – professional development
      • Assessment Specialist support site
      • Online Learning – student support
Back
Case studies
  • Products and Services
    • Academic Research, Teaching and Learning
    • English Language Learning
    • English Language Assessment
    • International Education
    • Educational resources for schools
  • About Us
    • What we do
    • Our story
    • People and planet
    • Diversity and inclusion
  • Careers
    • Careers

Skipper Clement International School, Denmark

  • Case studies
    • Skipper Clement International School, Denmark
    • Istituto Santa Giuliana Falconieri, Rome, Italy
    • The New English School, Jordan
    • Z International school, Pakistan
  • Case studies
    • Skipper Clement International School, Denmark
    • Istituto Santa Giuliana Falconieri, Rome, Italy
    • The New English School, Jordan
    • Z International school, Pakistan
  • Home
  • Programmes and qualifications
  • Cambridge Lower Secondary
  • Case studies
  • Skipper Clement International School, Denmark

Skipper Clement International School, Denmark

Young pupils in the woods

How Cambridge’s flexibility has guided a small start-up school to international success

Jenny Rohd-Thomsen was a founding teacher at Aalborg International School in 2001 and became Head of Centre when it became a department of another local school, Skipper Clement Skolen, in 2004. She has seen how Cambridge programmes have helped build parents’ confidence in the whole school and allowed it to develop from a small start-up to the successful bilingual international school it is today.

Aalborg International School, Denmark started up in 2001 as a result of demand from the regional business community for an English language-based education to support the recruitment of specialised workers from overseas. It began with 13 students and struggled to exist in the first three years. 

Skipper Clement Skolen is an old private school in Aalborg. In 2004 it had around 450 students. With foresight and to strengthen its market position, it took on the international school as a department. Now the whole school is thriving, with 850 students overall and 230 in the international department. These students come from all over the world and most have English as a second language.

'When we opened, the first thing we did was to enrol the international department as a Cambridge International centre' explains Jenny. 'We started offering Cambridge IGCSE exams from 2003. Cambridge Primary and Lower Secondary programmes for English, Maths and Science were then being developed and we adopted them as soon as we could in 2006. In 2020, we also introduced Cambridge Primary Global Perspectives.'

Flexible and cost-effective

'The Cambridge programme is very flexible and that is critical – you can pick and choose which parts of the Cambridge Pathway you want to use so it fits your situation, and then add other parts later. This helps financially and practically. That’s very different from some other programmes that are very fixed.

'In the beginning, as a small start-up school, we had multi-level classes with children from up to five year groups in one class. We used Cambridge English, Maths and Science as our core subjects and we assessed and taught them at an age-appropriate level. In all other subjects, we ran with rotation courses that taught the students as a group.

'The Cambridge Primary and Lower Secondary curricula for English, Science and Maths were revised in 2021, so we are now going through a process of familiarising ourselves with the updated programmes. Our teachers have had time to study the changes and plan for the future. One new feature in the Mathematics curriculum is "Thinking and Working Mathematically". We think it is good to teach "thinking about thinking” so that students learn to evaluate how they learn and apply their skills.'

A broad and balanced curriculum

'Now that our school has developed and we have new facilities, we are starting to adopt some of the new Cambridge Primary and Lower Secondary subjects, including Art & Design. Again, that's the flexibility that I think is so important when you are using Cambridge.

'Each subject helps to develop different kinds of skills and this is especially true of Art & Design. Different students respond to different subjects, so having more breadth and balance in the curriculum means we have a better chance of catering for all students’ interests.

'We are also introducing Cambridge Lower Secondary Digital Literacy. We believe it is really important for our young students to learn to reflect on the visually transmitted messages they are subjected to via online media and other sources. They not only learn the skills they need for online learning but also learn to talk about what it means to be a responsible and considerate user of social media.'

Clear and smart objectives

'The Cambridge curriculum gives our teachers structure. This is important for multi-level teaching – we need to be able to plan carefully in advance.

'The curriculum is straightforward and I don’t mean simple. The learning objectives are very smart – they are specific, measurable and realistic. They also avoid national bias – we need to be able to have an international focus and bring in the local context.

'The assessments for Cambridge Primary and Lower Secondary are really helpful. The Cambridge Progression Tests, marked by teachers in the school, and the Cambridge Checkpoint external tests help us to tell parents how their child is progressing and when their child is struggling in some areas.

'Previously, Cambridge International only offered Checkpoint for English as a first language. Now it’s available for English as a second language too – that’s a great help for us, when students are new to English and have never studied it before. The objectives are attainable and it’s very important for children to feel that they can achieve benchmarks.'

Independent and externally assessed exams

'It was particularly important for us to choose an independent, externally marked exam system that was of high quality and well recognised. When we started, it helped parents to build confidence in us as an international school.

'One thing we also do as a school is to take what we call checklists – key learning objectives from the curriculum. Our teachers can continuously assess against those checklist learning objectives and use them when they have parent–teacher conferences. That’s been very successful.

'During the pandemic, Cambridge International has made a good job of supporting schools and being flexible to suit different situations around the world. In Aalborg, we were able to get through a full six-week exam schedule with only one day affected by a lockdown and students were able to get all their results. We consider that an achievement given the impacts of the pandemic.'

About us

  • What we do
  • Help
  • Our social media channels

Useful links

  • Join Cambridge
  • Book a training course
  • Communications toolkit
  • Log in to secure sites
  • Careers
Cambridge University Press & Assessment logo

View Related Sites

  • School Support Hub
  • Cambridge Primary support site
  • Cambridge Lower Secondary support site
  • Cambridge International Direct
  • Submit for Assessment
  • Online Learning – professional development
  • Assessment Specialist support site
  • Online Learning – student support

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025

  • Sitemap
  • ISO 9001 Certificate
  • Privacy and legal
  • Accessibility and standards
  • Statement on Modern Slavery
  • Contact us
Back to top
We use cookies. By clicking any link on this page you are giving your consent for us to set cookies Accept
  • A
    • Accounting - 0452
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Accounting (9-1) - 0985
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Afrikaans - Second Language - 0548
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Agriculture - 0600
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Arabic - First Language - 0508
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Arabic - First Language (9-1) - 7184
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Arabic - Foreign Language - 0544
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Arabic (9-1) - 7180 New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Art & Design - 0400
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Art & Design (9-1) 0989
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • B
    • Bahasa Indonesia - 0538
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Biology - 0610
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Biology (9-1) - 0970
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Business - 0264
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Business (9-1) - 0774
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Business Studies - 0450
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Business Studies (9-1) - 0986
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • C
    • Chemistry - 0620
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Chemistry (9-1) - 0971
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Chinese - First Language - 0509
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Chinese - Second Language - 0523
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Chinese (Mandarin) - Foreign Language (0547)
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Computer Science - 0478
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Computer Science (9-1) - 0984
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • D
    • Design & Technology - 0445
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Design & Technology (9-1) - 0979
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Drama - 0411
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Drama (9-1) - 0994
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • E
    • Economics - 0455
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Economics (9-1) - 0987
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • English - First Language - 0500
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • English - First Language (9-1) - 0990
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • English - First Language (US) - 0524
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • English – Literature (US) – 0427
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • English – Literature in English – 0475
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • English – Literature in English (9-1) – 0992
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • English (as an Additional Language) - 0472 New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • English (as an Additional Language) (9-1) - 0772 New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • English (Core) as a Second Language (Egypt) - 0465
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • English as a Second Language (Count-in speaking) (0511)
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • English as a Second Language (Count-in Speaking) (9-1) (0991)
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • English as a Second Language (Speaking endorsement) - 0510
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • English as a Second Language (Speaking Endorsement) (9-1) - 0993
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Enterprise - 0454
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Environmental Management - 0680
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • F
    • Food & Nutrition - 0648
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • French - First Language - 0501
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • French - Foreign Language - 0520
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • French (9-1) - 7156
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • G
    • Geography - 0460
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Geography (9-1) - 0976
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • German - First Language - 0505
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • German - Foreign Language - 0525
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • German (9-1) - 7159
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Global Perspectives - 0457
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • H
    • Hindi as a Second Language - 0549
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • History - 0470
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • History - American (US) - 0409
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • History (9-1) - 0977
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • I
    • Information and Communication Technology - 0417
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Information and Communication Technology (9-1) - 0983
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • IsiZulu as a Second Language - 0531
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Islamiyat - 0493
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Italian - Foreign Language - 0535
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Italian (9-1) - 7164
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • J
    • Japanese - Foreign Language New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • L
    • Latin - 0480
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • M
    • Malay - First Language - 0696
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Malay - Foreign Language - 0546
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Marine Science - 0697 New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Mathematics - 0580
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Mathematics - Additional - 0606
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Mathematics - International - 0607
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Mathematics (9-1) - 0980
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Mathematics (US) - 0444
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Music - 0410
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Music (9-1) - 0978
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • P
    • Pakistan Studies - 0448
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Physical Education - 0413
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Physical Education (9-1) - 0995
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Physical Science - 0652
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Physics - 0625
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Physics (9-1) - 0972
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Portuguese - First Language - 0504
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Psychology - 0266 New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • R
    • Religious Studies - 0490
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • S
    • Sanskrit - 0499
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Science - Combined - 0653
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Sciences - Co-ordinated (9-1) - 0973
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) - 0654
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Setswana - First Language - 0698
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Sociology - 0495
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Spanish - First Language - 0502
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Spanish - Foreign Language - 0530
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Spanish - Literature - 0488
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Spanish - Literature in Spanish - 0474
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Spanish (9-1) - 7160
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Statistics - 0479 New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Swahili - 0262
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • T
    • Thai - First Language - 0518
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Travel & Tourism - 0471
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Turkish - First Language - 0513
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • U
    • Urdu as a Second Language - 0539
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • V
    • Vietnamese - First Language - 0695 New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • W
    • World Literature - 0408
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • A
    • Accounting - 7707
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Agriculture - 5038
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Arabic - 3180
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Art & Design - 6090
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • B
    • Bangladesh Studies - 7094
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Bengali - 3204
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Biblical Studies - 2035 New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Biology - 5090
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Business - 7081
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Business Studies - 7115
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • C
    • Chemistry - 5070
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Commerce - 7100
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Computer Science - 2210
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • D
    • Design & Technology - 6043
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • E
    • Economics - 2281
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • English Language - 1123
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Environmental Management - 5014
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • F
    • Fashion & Textiles - 6130
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Food & Nutrition - 6065
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • G
    • Geography - 2217
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Global Perspectives - 2069
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • H
    • Hinduism - 2055
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • History - 2147
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • I
    • Islamic Studies – 2068
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Islamiyat - 2058
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • L
    • Literature in English - 2010
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • M
    • Marine Science - 5180
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Mathematics - Additional - 4037
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Mathematics (Syllabus D) - 4024
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • P
    • Pakistan Studies - 2059
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Physics - 5054
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • R
    • Religious Studies - 2048
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • S
    • Science - Combined - 5129
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Setswana - 3158
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Sinhala - 3205
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Sociology - 2251
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Statistics - 4040
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • T
    • Tamil - 3226
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Travel & Tourism - 7096
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • U
    • Urdu - First Language - 3247
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Urdu - Second Language - 3248
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • A
    • Accounting - 9706
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Afrikaans - Language (AS Level only) - 8679
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Arabic - 9680
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Arabic - Language (AS Level only) - 8680
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Art & Design - 9479
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • B
    • Biblical Studies (9484) New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Biology - 9700
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Business (9609)
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • C
    • Chemistry - 9701
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Chinese - Language & Literature (A Level only) - 9868 New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Chinese Language (AS Level only) - 8238 New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Classical Studies - 9274
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Computer Science - 9618
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • D
    • Design & Technology - 9705
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Digital Media & Design - 9481
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Drama - 9482
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • E
    • Economics - 9708
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • English - Language and Literature (AS Level only) - 8695
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • English - Literature - 9695
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • English General Paper (AS Level only) - 8021
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • English Language - 9093
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Environmental Management (AS only) - 8291
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • European History - 9981 New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • F
    • French - Language (AS Level only) - 8682
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • French (A Level only) - 9716
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • French Language & Literature - 9898
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • French Language (AS Level only) - 8028
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • G
    • Geography - 9696
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • German - Language (AS Level only) - 8027
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • German - Language (AS Level only) - 8683
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • German (A Level only) - 9717
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • German Language & Literature (A Level only) - 9897
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Global Perspectives & Research - 9239
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • H
    • Hinduism - 9487
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • History - 9489
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • I
    • Information Technology - 9626
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • International History - 9982 New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Islamic Studies - 9488
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • L
    • Law - 9084
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • M
    • Marine Science - 9693
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Mathematics - 9709
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Mathematics - Further - 9231
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Media Studies - 9607
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Music - 9483
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • P
    • Physics - 9702
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Portuguese - Language (AS Level only) - 8684
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Portuguese (A Level only) - 9718
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Psychology - 9990
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • S
    • Sociology - 9699
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Spanish - Language & Literature (A Level only) - 9844 New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Spanish Language (AS Level only) - 8022 New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Sport & Physical Education (AS Level only) (8386) New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • T
    • Tamil - 9689 (A Level only)
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Tamil - Language - 8689 (AS Level only)
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Thinking Skills - 9694
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Travel & Tourism - 9395
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
  • U
    • Urdu - Language (AS Level only) - 8686
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Urdu - Pakistan only (A Level only) - 9686
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • Urdu Language & Literature (9866) – for centres in Pakistan
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • US History since 1877 - 8102 New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources
    • US History to 1877 - 8101 New
      • Syllabus overview
      • Past papers, examiner reports and specimen papers
      • Published resources